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human nutrition
Human nutrition refers to the provision of essential nutrients necessary to support human life and health. Generally, people can survive up to 40 days without food, a period largely depending on the amount of water consumed, stored body fat, muscle mass and genetic factors.
Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, poor nutrition understanding and practices, and deficient sanitation and food security.〔Progress for Children: A Report Card on Nutrition (No. 4), UNICEF, May 2006, ISBN 978-92-806-3988-9. http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_33685.html〕 Lack of proper nutrition contributes to lower academic performance, lower test scores, and eventually less successful students and a less productive and competitive economy.〔World Health Organization. (2013). Essential Nutrition Actions: improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition. Washington, DC: WHO. http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/index.html〕 Malnutrition and its consequences are immense contributors to deaths and disabilities worldwide.〔 Promoting good nutrition helps children grow, promotes human development and advances economic growth and eradication of poverty.〔
== Overview ==
The human body contains chemical compounds, such as water, carbohydrates (sugar, starch, and fiber), amino acids (in proteins), fatty acids (in lipids), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). These compounds consist of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and so on. All the chemical compounds and elements contained in the human body occur in various forms and combinations such as hormones, vitamins, phospholipids and hydroxyapatite. These compounds are found in the human body and in the different types of organisms that humans eat.
Any study done to determine nutritional status must take into account the state of the body before and after experiments, as well as the chemical composition of the whole diet and of all the materials excreted and eliminated from the body (including urine and feces). Comparing food to waste material can help determine the specific compounds and elements absorbed and metabolized by the body. The effects of nutrients may only be discernible over an extended period of time, during which all food and waste must be analyzed. The number of variables involved in such experiments is high, making nutritional studies time-consuming and expensive, which explains why the science of human nutrition is still slowly evolving.
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